Hinglish

Chapter 7: Fractions

Whenever we share a roti, measure half a metre or say “a quarter past three”, we are using fractions. In this chapter we make fractions from equal shares, measure with them, place them on the number line, find fractions that look different but are equal, compare them, and finally add and subtract them.

In this chapter you will

  • make fractions from equal shares and read numerator and denominator
  • measure lengths and amounts with fractional units
  • place fractions on the number line and write mixed fractions
  • find equivalent fractions, compare fractions, and add and subtract them

Topics

  1. Fractional Units and Equal Shares NCERT 7.1

    A fractional unit is one of several equal parts of a whole: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 …

  2. Fractional Units as Parts of a Whole NCERT 7.2

    Numerator (top) = how many parts taken. Denominator (bottom) = how many equal parts in the whole.

  3. Measuring Using Fractional Units NCERT 7.3

    Fractional units measure lengths between whole units.

  4. Fractions on the Number Line NCERT 7.4

    To place k/d: cut each whole into d equal gaps and take k jumps from 0.

  5. Mixed Fractions NCERT 7.5

    A fraction more than 1 can be written as a mixed fraction: 11/4 = 2 3/4.

  6. Equivalent Fractions NCERT 7.6

    Equivalent fractions name the same amount: 1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6.

  7. Comparing Fractions NCERT 7.7

    Same bottom: bigger top is bigger. Same top: smaller bottom is bigger.

  8. Adding and Subtracting Fractions NCERT 7.8, 7.9

    Same bottom: add or subtract the tops, keep the bottom.

Key words

Fraction
a number that names equal parts of a whole, like 3/4
Numerator
the top number: how many parts are taken
Denominator
the bottom number: how many equal parts make the whole
Mixed fraction
a whole number and a fraction together, like 2 1/3
Equivalent fractions
fractions that name the same amount, like 1/2 and 3/6
Lowest terms
a fraction whose top and bottom share no factor except 1

Summary

  • A fractional unit is one of several equal parts: the more parts, the smaller each one.
  • k/d means k units of 1/d; d/d = 1.
  • Fractions have places on the number line; fractions more than 1 can be written as mixed fractions.
  • Multiplying or dividing top and bottom by the same number gives an equivalent fraction.
  • To compare, add or subtract fractions with different bottoms, first rewrite them with a common bottom.

Final exercise: test yourself on the whole chapter →