Vyaakaran: Past Tense aur Neither/Either

Class 6 English · Chapter 4: The Unlikely Best Friends · NCERT Poorvi section pp. 48–49

Seekho

Kahaaniyaan aam taur par batati hain pehle kya hua, isliye past tense use karti hain. Teen aam roop hain. Simple past: kaam hua aur khatm; aam taur par verb + -d/-ed (looked, noticed, served) ya khaas roop (gave, went, told, felt, threw).

Past progressive: past mein kisi samay kaam chal raha tha: I/he/she/it was + verb-ing; we/you/they were + verb-ing. "Gajaraj was munching his food." "The farmer was looking for his dog."

Past perfect: kaam doosre past kaam se pehle poora hua: had + teesra roop. "The king had ordered that the elephant be well looked after." "The farmer had tied Buntee with a rope the day before." "By the time the mahout returned, the food had remained untouched."

Neither … nor do nakaaraatmak jodta: "Neither the farmer nor the mahout noticed the friends' tears" (dono ne nahi dekha). Either … or do mein chunaav deta: "Rohit wants to play either cricket or kho-kho."

Explore: verbs ko past tense se sort karo.

1. Har verb sort karo.

Yaad rakho

• Simple past (looked, gave); past progressive (was/were + -ing); past perfect (had + teesra roop).
• Neither … nor do nakaaraatmak; either … or chunaav.

Quick check

"He ____ Buntee with a rope the day before." Past perfect chuno.

1. had tied
2. was tying
3. ties
4. tie

Socho

Kal ke baare mein do vaakya likho: ek past progressive, ek past perfect mein.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.