Sarkaar Kya Hai? Iske Kaarya Kya?

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 9: Shaasak se Shaasit Tak: Sarkaar ke Prakaar · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 9.1

Seekho

Sarkaar kaanoon-vyavastha rakhti, shaanti aur suraksha sunishchit karti, doosre deshon se sambandh aur raksha sambhaalti, shiksha, swaasthya aur dhaancha deti, arthvyavastha chalaati, aur logon ke kalyaan ke liye kaam karti. Kautilya ne shaasak ke kartavya raksha, paalan (kaanoon-vyavastha) aur yogakshem (kalyaan) bataaye. Par har desh apni sarkaar ek tarah nahi chunta.

Zoya ke school mein pradhaanaadhyaapika samay-saarni, khel, madhyaahn bhojan aur No Bag Day ke liye chhaatra samiti chaahti. "Sirf Grade 12!" ek chhaatra kehta. "Nahi, Grade 11," doosra. Ishaan poochhta, "Phir chhoti kakshaaon ki baat kaun rakhega?" Teen vichaar: sab shaamil (faisle ke liye bahut zyaada), pradhaanaadhyaapika chunein (kai awaazein chhoot-ti), ya har kakshaa pratinidhi chune. Aakhri loktaantrik tareeka: pratinidhi chunne waalon ki or se kaam karta.

Samiti ki tarah sarkaar ko niyam banaane (vidhaayi kaarya), laagu karne (kaaryakaari kaarya) aur paalan sunishchit karne (nyaayik kaarya) padte. Loktantra "janta ka shaasan": log shaasan ke liye pratinidhi chunte. Abraham Lincoln ne ise "janta ki, janta dwaara, janta ke liye sarkaar" kaha.

Explore: kaunsa kaarya?

1. Har kaam sort karo.

Yaad rakho

• Sarkaarein vyavastha, raksha, sevaayein, arthvyavastha aur kalyaan sambhaalti.
• Teen kaarya vidhaayi, kaaryakaari aur nyaayik; loktantra mein log pratinidhi chunte.

Quick check

Kaanoon laagu karna aur unse desh chalaana … kaarya.

1. executive
2. legislative
3. judicial
4. electoral

Socho

School ki chhaatra samiti Sansad se kaise alag?

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.