Hind-Yoonaani, Shak aur Kushaan
Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 6: Punargathan ka Yug · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 6.5
Seekho
Uttar-pashchim mein Sikandar ke chhode Yoonaani kshatrapon ne apne raajya banaaye aur Hind-Yoonaani bane. Mauryon ke patan ke baad unhone bade kshetron par kabza kiya, par Bharatiya sanskriti se gehre prabhaavit hue. Vidisha ke paas Heliodorus stambh ek Hind-Yoonaani raajdoot ne lagwaaya jisne Vaasudev ko "devon ka dev" kaha. Unke sone, chaandi, taambe aur nickel ke sikke ek or raaja aur doosri or Yoonaani, ya kabhi Krishna aur Lakshmi jaise Bharatiya, devta dikhaate.
Phir Shak (Hind-Sithiyan) aaye, 2nd sadi BCE ke ant se uttar-pashchim aur pashchim ke hisson par raaj kiya. Shak Samvat calendar isi daur ka; ye Gregorian se 78 saal peechhe (January–March 79) aur 1957 mein raashtriya calendar bana. Phir Madhya Asia ke Kushaanon ne Madhya Asia se uttar Bharat tak saamraajya banaaya. Unke sabse mahaan raaja Kanishk khud ko "mahaaraaja, raajaadhiraaj" kehte, aur unke sikke kahin Buddh aur kahin Shiv dikhaate. Kushaanon ne Resham Maarg ke hisse niyantrit kiye, aur Asia aur Pashchim se vyaapaar badha.
Kala ki do mahaan shailiyaan phali. Pashchimi Punjab ki Gaandhaar shaili ne Yoonaani-Roman visheshtaaon ko Bharatiya vishayon se milaaya, dhoosar-kaale schist mein yathaarth shareer aur lehraate vastron wale Buddh banaaye. Mathura shaili ne laal balua pathar use kiya aur spasht Bharatiya thi, Kuber, Lakshmi, Shiv, Buddh aur yakshon ki bhari aakritiyaan. Sangharshon ke baavjood is yug mein kamaal ka saanskritik aadaan-pradaan hua, Bharatiya vishay haavi, aur Sanskrit saahitya, Mahaabhaarat aur Raamaayan ke mahaan roopon samet, phala.
Explore: Gaandhaar ya Mathura?
- Har visheshta sort karo.
Yaad rakho
- Hind-Yoonaani, Shak aur Kushaan bahar se aaye par Bharatiya sanskriti apnaayi; Shak Samvat hamaara raashtriya calendar.
- Kanishk ke sikkon ne kai dharmon ka sammaan kiya; Gaandhaar aur Mathura shaili ne Bharatiya kala ko milaaya aur badhaaya.
Quick check
Shak Samvat Bharat ka raashtriya calendar. August 2026 CE mein Shak saal?
- 1948
- 2104
- 1969
- 2026
Answer
1948. 2026 − 78 = 1948.
Socho
Videshi shaasak apne sikkon par Bharatiya devta kyun lagaata?
Ek answer
Bharatiya praja ki vafaadaari paane, unke vishvaason ka sammaan dikhaane, aur khud ko is bhoomi ka shaasak dikhaane.
Practice
Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.