Dakshin ke Raajya aur Jeevan
Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 6: Punargathan ka Yug · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 6.4
Seekho
Sudoor dakshin mein lagbhag 3rd sadi BCE se 3rd sadi CE tak teen raajya hode lagaate aur samriddh: Chola, Chera aur Paandya, "teen mukutdhaari raaja". Ashok ka saamraajya bhi unki seema par ruka. Ye Sangam Yug tha, kaviyon ki sabhaaon (sangam, Sanskrit sangha se) ke naam par jinki rachnaayein dakshin Bharat ka sabse puraana saahitya, prem, veerta aur udaarta ki kavitaayein jinhe itihaaskaar us samay ko samajhne padhte.
Chola raaja Karikaal ne Chera–Paandya sanyukt sena haraayi. Unhone Srirangam ke paas Kaveri par Kallanai (Grand Anicut) banaaya, jal-mod pranaali jisse zyaada zameen kheti mein aayi aur delta "dakshin ka dhaan ka katora" bana; kai baar sudhaara gaya, ye aaj bhi khet seenchta. Chera (Keralaputra), Vanji (Karur) se, Rome aur Pashchim Asia ko masaale, lakdi, haathi-daant aur moti bhejte aur Sangam kaviyon ka saath dete. Madurai ke Paandya moti, vyaapaar aur nausena ke liye prasiddh, aur unke abhilekh praja ki parvaah aur sab vishvaason ke sammaan par zor dete.
Tamil mahaakaavya Silappadikaaram ("Paayal ki Kahaani") Kannagi ki kahaani, jinke pati Kovalan ko Madurai mein paayal chori ke jhoothe aarop mein maara gaya. Unhone apni milti paayal se unki begunaahi saabit ki; sadme se Paandya raaja mar gaye, aur baad mein Chera bhoomi mein Kannagi devi roop mein poojit hui. Kahaani nyaay aur uski raksha ke shaasak ke dharma par kendrit, aur paathakon ko teeno raajyon ke samriddh vyaapaari shehron se le jaati.
Explore: kaunsa dakshini raajya?
- Har sanket sort karo.
Yaad rakho
- Sangam Yug mein Chola, Chera aur Paandya ne dakshin par raaj kiya, sabse puraani Tamil kavita se gyaat.
- Karikaal ka Grand Anicut, Chera-Paandya samudri vyaapaar aur Silappadikaaram ek samriddh, jude dakshin ko dikhaate.
Quick check
Kallanai (Grand Anicut) kisne banaaya?
- the Chola king Karikāla
- Aśhoka
- Kaṇiṣhka
- Khāravela
Answer
the Chola king Karikāla. Ye aaj bhi Kaveri delta seenchta.
Socho
Moti itne keemti vyaapaari saamaan kyun rahe honge?
Ek answer
Durlabh, sundar, chhote aur halke, der tak tikte, aur Rome jaise door deshon ke raajgharaanon mein bahut pasand.
Practice
Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.