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Maurya Kaal ka Jeevan aur Saamraajyon ki Naazukta

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 5: Saamraajyon ka Uday · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 5.6

Seekho

Paataliputra jaise shehron mein mahal, saarvajanik imaaratein aur sanket-patt wali yojanaabaddh galiyaan; ghar lakdi ke, do manzil tak, aag ke liye galiyon mein paani ke ghade. Doot sandesh le jaate. Megasthenes ne likha zyaadatar log kheti karte, garmi-sardi baarish se saal mein do fasal, anaaj-bhandaar bhare, aur paas yuddh hone par bhi kisaan surakshit. Sohgaura taamrapatra akaal ke khilaaf anaaj-bhandaar darj karta. Kaarigar, lohaar, kumhaar aur jauhari shehron mein; log sooti kapde aur sajaave chamde ke joote pehente.

Maurya kala bada hunar dikhaati: bahut chamakdaar pathar ke stambh, Saanchi stoop (iska gumbad, and, brahmaand darshaata; bhakt pradakshina karte), Dhauli ka haathi, terracotta moortiyaan aur aahat sikke. Ashok ke baad uttaraadhikaari saamraajya nahi sambhaal paaye; kshetra alag hue, aur lagbhag 185 BCE tak ye khatam ho gaya.

Saamraajya ek virodhaabhaas. Wo ekta laa sakte, chhote raajyon ke yuddh ghata sakte aur samriddhi bana sakte. Par aam taur par bal se bante aur tikte, isliye naazuk: nazraane ki maang badhne par, shaktishaali samraat ke baad kamzor aane par, kshetra bahut door hone par, ya sookha-baadh se aarthik sankat par kshetra alag hote. Roman, Faarsi aur British saamraajya bhi khatam hue.

Explore: ghatnaayein samay rekha par.

  1. Chandragupt ne lagbhag 320 BCE Maurya saamraajya sthaapit kiya. Marker wahaan.
  2. Maurya saamraajya lagbhag 185 BCE khatam hua. Marker wahaan.

Yaad rakho

  • Maurya shehar yojanaabaddh, kheti surakshit, aur kala phali-phooli.
  • Saamraajya ekta laate par bal par tikte, isliye naazuk; Maurya lagbhag 185 BCE khatam.

Quick check

Saamraajya naazuk kyun kahe jaate?

  1. ye bal par tikte, aur door ya bojh tale kshetra alag hote
  2. shaasak nahi
  3. kabhi kar nahi lete
  4. bahut chhote
Answer

ye bal par tikte, aur door ya bojh tale kshetra alag hote. Kamzor uttaraadhikaari aur sankat bikhraav tez karte.

Socho

Logon ke jeevan ke liye kya zyaada maayne rakhta: bada saamraajya ya nyaaypoorn shaasak? Kyun?

Ek answer

Nyaaypoorn shaasak, kyunki nyaay, suraksha aur kalyaan roz ke jeevan ko chhoote; sirf aakaar yuddh aur bhaari maangein laa sakta, haalaanki achchhe se chala bada saamraajya shaanti aur vyaapaar bhi laa sakta.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.