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Ashok: Shaanti Chunne Wala Raaja

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 5: Saamraajyon ka Uday · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 5.5

Seekho

Chandragupt ke pote Ashok (268–232 BCE) ne saamraajya sudoor dakshin chhodkar lagbhag poore upmahaadweep tak failaaya. Phir Kalinga (Odisha) par hamla kiya. Bhayankar maut aur tabaahi dekhkar unhone hinsa chhodi aur Buddh ke shaanti aur ahinsa ke maarg ko apnaaya. Anokhi baat, unhone apne abhilekhon mein us yuddh ki bheeshanta sweekaari. Unhone Buddh ka sandesh failaane Sri Lanka, Thailand, Madhya Asia aur aage doot bheje.

Ashok "mahaan sanchaarak" the. Unhone saamraajya bhar chattaanon aur stambhon par abhilekh khudwaaye, zyaadatar Prakrit bhaasha aur Braahmi lipi mein, jo Bharat ki kshetreey lipiyon ki janani (bhaasha jo bolte; lipi jisme likhte). Wo khud ko Devaanaampiya Piyadasi, "devtaaon ke priya, jo sabko dayaa se dekhe", kehte aur logon se dharma: kartavya, satya, niyam aur sadaachaar, maanne ko kehte.

Unke abhilekh daava karte unhone logon aur pashuon ki chikitsa di, pashu-kroorata roki, kuein khudwaaye, sadkon ke kinaare vishraam-grih banaaye aur chhaayaadaar ped lagwaaye, adhikaariyon ko nyaaypoorn rehne aur bina kaaran kisi ko qaid na karne ko kaha, aur sabhi sampradaayon se ek-doosre ki achchhi shiksha maanne ko kaha. Har daava shabdashah maanne ki zaroorat nahi, par saaf hai unhone Kautilya ka praja-kalyaan aadarsh apnaaya. Saarnaath ka unka simh sheersh Bharat ka raashtriya chinh, aur dharmachakra hamaare dhvaj par.

Explore: saamraajyon ki kahaani.

  1. Ghatnaayein kram mein lagao.

Yaad rakho

  • Kalinga yuddh ke baad Ashok ne shaanti chuni aur Buddh ka sandesh failaaya.
  • Braahmi mein unke Prakrit abhilekh dharma, kalyaan aur sahishnuta ki baat karte; unka simh sheersh hamaara raashtriya chinh.

Quick check

Ashok shaanti ki or kyun mude?

  1. Kalinga yuddh mein dekhi peeda
  2. Sikandar se haar
  3. sookha
  4. Megasthenes ki kitaab
Answer

Kalinga yuddh mein dekhi peeda. Unhone Buddh ki ahinsa ki shiksha maani.

Socho

Tumhe kyun lagta hai Ashok ne Kalinga yuddh chhupaane ki jagah abhilekhon mein sweekaara?

Ek answer

Shaayad sachcha pashchaataap dikhaane, apna hriday-parivartan vishvasneey banaane, aur doosron ko sikhaane ki bal se vijay badi peeda deti.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.