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Mahaan Maurya: Chandragupt aur Kautilya

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 5: Saamraajyon ka Uday · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 5.4

Seekho

Lagbhag 321 BCE mein Chandragupt Maurya ne Nanda ko hataakar Maurya saamraajya sthaapit kiya, Paataliputra raajdhaani. Unke maargdarshak Kautilya (Chaanakya ya Vishnugupt bhi), Takshashila ke prasiddh gyaan-kendra mein shikshak. Kahaaniyaan kehti jab Kautilya ne Dhana Nanda ko sudharne ki salaah di to raaja ne unka apmaan kiya, aur Kautilya ne Nanda raaj khatam karne ka pran liya. Chandragupt ne uttar-pashchim ke Yoonaani kshatrapon ko haraaya aur uttari maidaan se Deccan tak saamraajya banaaya.

Yoonaaniyon ko haraakar Chandragupt ne unse dosti rakhi aur Yoonaani doot Megasthenes ko darbaar mein rakha, jinhone apni kitaab Indika mein Bharat ka varnan kiya (ab sirf uddharanon se gyaat). Kautilya ka Arthashaastra, "shaasan aur arthshaastra ka vigyaan", raksha, arthvyavastha, nyaay, nagar-yojana, kheti aur kalyaan par salaah deta. Iska saptaang, raajya ke saat ang: raaja (swaami), mantri (amaatya), kshetra aur praja (janapad), kile (durg), khazaana (kosh), bal aur kaanoon (dand) aur mitra raajya (mitra).

Kautilya ne likha raaja gaanvon, saari aarthik gatividhi ke srot, ki dekhbhaal se shakti paata, aur bandh-pul banaane waalon ko puraskaar deta. Unka kendreey vichaar: "Praja ke sukh mein raaja ka sukh; praja ke hit mein raaja ka hit." Kitna bhi shaktishaali ho, shaasak praja ke hit pehle rakhe.

Explore: Kautilya ka saptaang.

  1. Har arth ko Sanskrit naam se milaao.

Yaad rakho

  • Chandragupt Maurya ne Kautilya ki madad se lagbhag 321 BCE Maurya saamraajya sthaapit kiya.
  • Kautilya ka Arthashaastra aur saptaang praja ke kalyaan ko shaasan ke kendra mein rakhte.

Quick check

Chandragupt Maurya ke maargdarshak aur Arthashaastra ke lekhak?

  1. Kauṭilya
  2. Megasthenes
  3. Pāṇini
  4. Porus
Answer

Kauṭilya. Kautilya ko Chaanakya bhi kehte.

Socho

Kautilya ke raajya ke saat angon mein se kaunse aaj ke desh mein dikhte?

Ek answer

Lagbhag sab: sarkaar ka pramukh, mantri aur adhikaari, kshetra aur naagrik, surakshit shehar, khazaana aur budget, sena aur police, aur mitra desh.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.