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Magadh ka Uday aur Yoonaaniyon ka Aagman

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 5: Saamraajyon ka Uday · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 5.3

Seekho

6vi aur 4thi sadi BCE ke beech ek mahaajanapad, Magadh (dakshin Bihar), sabse aage nikla. Iske paas upjaau zameen, lakdi aur haathiyon wale jangal, hal aur hathiyaaron ke liye paas ki pahaadiyon mein lauh ayask, aur vyaapaar ke liye Ganga aur Son nadiyaan. Ajaatashatru jaise raajaaon ne ise prabal banaaya; Buddh aur Mahaavir unke samay mein the. Zyaada anaaj se zyaada log kaarigar bane, aur vyaapaar ne khazaana bhara.

Mahaapadm Nanda ne Nanda vansh sthaapit kiya, kai raajya ek kiye, sikke chalaaye aur badi sena rakhi. Par antim Nanda, Dhana Nanda, bahut ameer hokar bhi praja ko sataata aur apriya hua. Isi yug mein vaiyaakaran Paanini ne Ashtaadhyaayi likhi, 3,996 chhote sootron mein Sanskrit vyaakaran ke niyam.

Isi beech Macedonia ke Sikandar ne Faarsi saamraajya jeeta aur 327–325 BCE mein uttar-pashchim Bharat mein ghusa. Usne Punjab mein Porus ko haraaya (kaise vyavahaar chaahte poochhne par Porus bole, "Raaja ki tarah") par tez virodh mila; Yoonaani abhilekh kehte mahilaayein purushon ke saath ladi. Thake sainikon ne aage jaane se mana kiya, wo lauta aur 32 saal mein Babylon mein mara. Saamraajya senaapatiyon aur kshatrapon (raajyapaalon) mein banta. Yoonaani vivaran Bharatiya rishiyon, Gymnosophists, se uski mulaakaat bhi batate jinke buddhimaan uttaron ne use prabhaavit kiya: do mahaan paramparaaon ka milan.

Explore: kaun hai?

  1. Har sanket sort karo.

Yaad rakho

  • Magadh upjaau zameen, jangal, loha aur nadi vyaapaar se utha; Nanda ne uttar ka bada hissa joda.
  • Sikandar uttar-pashchim Bharat pahuncha, Porus ko haraaya, phir lauta; kshatrap chhode.

Quick check

Paas ki pahaadiyon ke kis sansaadhan ne Magadh ki kheti aur sena ki madad ki?

  1. iron ore
  2. salt
  3. silk
  4. coal
Answer

iron ore. Lohe ke hal aur tez lohe ke hathiyaar.

Socho

Tumhe kyun lagta hai Sikandar ke sainikon ne Bharat mein aage jaane se mana kiya?

Ek answer

Wo saalon se ghar se door chal rahe the, thak gaye the, tez virodh jhela tha aur aage poorab mein Nanda jaisi badi senaaon ki khabar suni thi.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.