Vyaapaar, Vyaapaar Maarg aur Shreniyaan

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 5: Saamraajyon ka Uday · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 5.2

Seekho

Sena mehngi: sainikon ko khaana, hathiyaar aur vetan, ghodon-haathiyon ki dekhbhaal, sadkein aur jahaaz. Isliye utpaadan aur vyaapaar se aarthik shakti saamraajya aur praja ke kalyaan ki kunji thi. Shaasak vyaapaar maarg banaate aur niyantrit karte: zyaada vyaapaar = utpaadakon ki zyaada aay aur raajya ka zyaada kar. Kapda, masaale, anaaj, ratn, hastashilp aur pashu Bharat bhar aur zameen-samudra se door deshon tak, Bharukachchh aur Taamralipti jaise bandargaahon se, jaate.

Vyaapaariyon ne jaldi shreniyaan (guild) banaayi: vyaapaariyon, kaarigaron, saahukaaron ya kisaanon ke sangh, chune hue mukhiya aur imaandaar maane jaane wale adhikaari. Sadasya pratidvandvi nahi, sahyogi bane, bazaar, maang-poorti ki jaankaari baant-te. Shreniyaan apne niyam bana sakti, aur samajhdaar raaja dakhal nahi deta. Gaon ki parishadon ki tarah shreniyaan Bharatiya samaaj ki swa-sangathan kshamta dikhaati, aur unki bhaavna sadiyon tak Bharatiya vyaapaar mein rahi.

Explore: saamraajya ki shaktiyaan.

1. Har shakti sort karo.

Yaad rakho

• Vyaapaar aur utpaadan ne saamraajyon ko sena chalaane aur praja ki seva ka dhan diya.
• Shreniyaan swa-shaasit sangh jinke sadasya sahyog karte.

Quick check

Shreniyaan ullekhneey kyun?

1. sadasya sahyog karte aur apne niyam bana sakte
2. wo senaayein thi
3. vyaapaar rokti
4. raaja seedhe chalaata

Socho

Kya aaj guild jaisa kuch dikhta?

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.