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Bharat ki Kheti aur Uska Lamba Ateet

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 13: Bharatiya Kheti ki Kahaani · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 13.1

Seekho

Har roti, chaawal ki katori ya daal ki chammach khet se shuru hui. Kheti matlab khaana, resha aur doosre utpaad ke liye fasal ugaana aur pashu paalna. Dairy, machhli paalan aur vaanikee jaisi sambaddh gatividhiyon ke saath ye Bharat ke GDP ka 18% se thoda zyaada deti par lagbhag 46% kaamgaaron ko sahaara deti. Graameen Bharat mein kheti ke 75% se zyaada kaamgaar mahilaayein hain, jo buvaai se gahaai tak zyaadatar kaam karti.

Bharatiya kheti bahut puraani. Ganga maidaan mein 7–8vi sahasraabdi BCE tak dhaan ugaaya jaata, aur lagbhag usi samay Mehrgarh mein jau aur mota anaaj. Harappa waale jau aur gehoon ugaate, aur Kalibangan (lagbhag 2800 BCE) ke ek khet mein do dishaon mein kooden hain, antar-fasal ka sanket, yaani do fasal ek saath. Vedon mein jau (yava), gehoon (godhuma) aur chaawal (vrihi) ke naam. Baad ke granth jaise Arthashaastra, Krishiparaashar, Vrikshaayurved aur Brihatsamhita mausam, beej, mitti aur pedon ki kalam tak batate.

Explore: praacheen ya aaj?

  1. Har cheez sort karo.

Yaad rakho

  • Kheti aur sambaddh gatividhiyaan GDP ka lagbhag 18% par lagbhag 46% kaamgaaron ko rozgaar.
  • Bharat mein kheti 8,000 saal se zyaada puraani, Mehrgarh aur Kalibangan se puraane kheti granthon tak.

Quick check

Graameen Bharat mein zyaadatar khet ka kaam kaun karta?

  1. women
  2. children
  3. machines alone
  4. city workers
Answer

women. Graameen kheti kaamgaaron mein 75% se zyaada mahilaayein.

Socho

Ek khet mein do fasal ek saath ugaana kyun upyogi?

Ek answer

Ek fasal kharaab ho to doosri bach sakti, fasalein mitti aur jagah alag tarah use karti, aur kuch (jaise daalein) doosri ke liye mitti ko upjaau bhi banaati.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.