English

Aur Dakshin

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 16: Badalti Lehrein: 11vi aur 12vi Sadi · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 16.4

Seekho

Dakkhan mein Chol aur Pashchimi Chaalukya yuddhon ne Chaalukyon ko kamzor kiya, aur do nayi shaktiyaan uthin. Kaakateeya ne Orugallu (Warangal) se Telangana aur Andhra par raaj kiya, patthar ke toran dwaaron wale kile aur Hanamkonda ke Hazaar Stambh mandir ke saath; unhone Telugu saahitya, gaon swashaasan aur sinchaai ko badhaaya. Dakshini Karnataka ke Hoysalon ka naam ek katha se: baagh aane par ek tapasvi ne sansthaapak Saala se kaha "Poy, Saala" (maaro, Saala). Vishnuvardhan ke samay wo Chaalukyon se mukt hue, Belur aur Halebidu se raaj kiya, jo UNESCO Vishwa Dharohar soochi mein shaamil baareek nakkaashi wale mandiron ke liye prasiddh.

Chol samudron ke swaami bane. 985 se raaj karte Raajaraaj Chol ne uttari Sri Lanka aur "samudra ke dweep" (shaayad Maldives) jeete aur Thanjavur mein Brihadeeshwar mandir banaaya; unhone Shreevijay raaja ko Naagapattinam bandargaah mein Bauddh vihaar banaane diya. Unke bete Raajendra I Bangaal tak gaye, Gangaikondachol ("Ganga laane wala Chol") upaadhi li aur lagbhag 1025 mein Shreevijay saamraajya par nausena bheji, jo China ke maarg par Malacca Jalsandhi niyantrit karta. Vyaapaari shreniyon ke sahaare wo jeeta par zameen par kabza nahi kiya. Cholon ne sadak, taalaab aur naharein bhi banaayin, par lagaataar yuddhon ne kamzor kiya, aur 13vi sadi tak Paandyon ne unhe mila liya.

Explore: kaunsa dakshini vansh?

  1. Har sanket sort karo.

Yaad rakho

  • Pashchimi Chaalukyon ke dhalne par Kaakateeya (Warangal) aur Hoysal (Belur, Halebidu) uthe.
  • Raajaraaj aur Raajendra ke Cholon ne samudri saamraajya aur mahaan mandir banaaye.

Quick check

Raajendra I ne Shreevijay par hamla kyun kiya?

  1. ye Chol-China vyaapaar ke zaroori samudri maarg ko niyantrit karta
  2. isne Thanjavur toda
  3. Islam failaane
  4. Bangaal mein sone ki khaan
Answer

ye Chol-China vyaapaar ke zaroori samudri maarg ko niyantrit karta. Varna Shreevijay se rishte zyaadatar shaantipoorn aur saanskritik.

Socho

Vyaapaari shreniyaan raaja ke nausainik abhiyaan ka saath kyun detin?

Ek answer

Kyunki China tak mukt samudri maarg unke liye surakshit, sasta aur zyaada munaafe ka vyaapaar, to abhiyaan unke hit mein bhi.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.