Chapter 16: Badalti Lehrein: 11vi aur 12vi Sadi
11vi aur 12vi sadi ek mod thi. Is chapter mein Ghazni ke Mahmood ke hamle dekhenge, vidvaan al-Biruni aur Bhaaskaraachaarya se milenge, poorv aur dakshin ke raajyon se guzrenge, uttar mein Parmaar, Chaahamaan aur Ghori vijay tak lautenge, aur dekhenge vyaapaar, kala aur chintan sab ke beech kaise chalte rahe.
Is chapter mein tum
- Ghaznavi aur Ghori aakraman aur unka prabhaav samjhaana
- is kaal ke poorv, dakshin aur uttar ke raajya batana
- vigyaan, kala aur chintan ki uplabdhiyaan batana
- badlaav aur nirantarta pehchaanna
Topics
- Ghaznavi Aakraman NCERT 16.1
Ghazni ke Mahmood ne Hindu Shaahiyon ko haraaya aur Bharat mein 17 loot abhiyaan kiye.
- Al-Biruni aur Bhaaskaraachaarya NCERT 16.2
Al-Biruni ne Sanskrit padhi aur Bharatiya gyaan ka mahaan sarvekshan likha.
- Poorvi Bharat NCERT 16.3
Senon ne Bangaal par raaj kiya aur Jaydev ke Geetgovind jaise Hindu saahitya ko sahaara diya.
- Aur Dakshin NCERT 16.4
Pashchimi Chaalukyon ke dhalne par Kaakateeya (Warangal) aur Hoysal (Belur, Halebidu) uthe.
- Waapas Uttar NCERT 16.5
Bhoj Parmaar vidvaan-raaja aur nirmaata; Chaahamaanon ke paas Ajmer aur Dilli.
- Shaasan, Vyaapaar aur Saanskritik Jeevan NCERT 16.6
Senaaon ko majboot prashaasan chahiye tha; vyaapaar badha aur kheti arthvyavastha ka aadhaar rahi.
Key words
- Turkic
- Madhya Asia ke log aur sanskriti
- Sultan
- svatantra Muslim shaasak
- Khyber Pass
- Hindu Kush ka darra
- Toraṇa
- sajaavati dwaar
- Viśhiṣhṭādvaita
- Raamaanuj ka darshan
- Vachana
- Basav ki chhoti Kannada kavita
- Booty
- yuddh mein zabardasti liya maal
- Resilience
- sambhalkar aage badhne ki kshamata
Summary
- Ghazni ke Mahmood ne loota; Muhammad Ghori ne jeeta aur senaapati chhode.
- Sen, Poorvi Gang, Kaakateeya, Hoysal, Chol, Parmaar aur Chaahamaan phale-phoole.
- Al-Biruni, Bhaaskaraachaarya, Raamaanuj aur Basav jaise vidvaanon ka kaam sthaayi.
- Vinaash ke baavajood vyaapaar, kala aur shiksha chalte rahe, jujhaaroopan dikhaate.