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Waapas Uttar

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 16: Badalti Lehrein: 11vi aur 12vi Sadi · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 16.5

Seekho

Maalwa mein Parmaar Dhaara se raaj karte. Unke vidvaan-raaja Bhoj (1010 se, pehle ke Pratihaar Bhoj nahi) ne Bhopal ("Bhojpaal", Bhoj ka baandh) ke paas vishaal jheel, adhoora Bhojeshwar mandir banaaya, aur vaastukala, kavya, yog aur chikitsa par likha. Phir ek mod aaya. Afghanistan ke Ghor ke sardaaron ne Ghazni liya, aur Muhammad Ghori ne Punjab aur Sindh ke hisse jeete. 1178 mein Gujarat ke Chaulukya raaja Moolraaj II (kuch kehte unki maa Naayikidevi ne sena chalaayi) ne unhe Abu parvat ke paas haraaya.

Chaahamaan (Chauhaan) Ajaymeru (Ajmer) se raaj karte aur Dhillika par, jo Dilli bani. Prithviraaj III ne 1191 mein Tarain mein Ghori ko haraaya, par 1192 mein Ghori badi sena lekar laute, doosra Tarain yuddh jeete aur unhe maar diya. Mahmood ke vipreet Ghori sthaayi raaj chaahte the aur Qutbuddin Aibak jaise senaapati chhode, jinhone baad mein Dilli Saltanat banaayi. Aibak ke senaapati Bakhtiyaar Khilji ne Bihar aur Bangaal jeeta, Naalanda aur Vikramashila nasht kiye aur kai bhikshu maare; kehte Naalanda ka pustakaalay mahino jalta raha. 1205 mein Kaamaroop (Assam) ke shaasak ne unki sena kuchal di, kuch had tak khaana aur chaara nasht karke. Ghori aur Bakhtiyaar dono 1206 mein mare.

Explore: ghatnaayein samay rekha par.

  1. Ghori 1178 mein Abu parvat ke paas haare. Marker wahaan.
  2. Doosra Tarain yuddh 1192 mein hua. Marker wahaan.

Yaad rakho

  • Bhoj Parmaar vidvaan-raaja aur nirmaata; Chaahamaanon ke paas Ajmer aur Dilli.
  • Ghori ne 1192 mein Tarain jeeta aur unke senaapatiyon ne uttar jeeta, Naalanda nasht kiya; Kaamaroop data raha.

Quick check

Muhammad Ghori ke lakshya Mahmood se kaise alag?

  1. Ghori sthaayi vijay chaahte; Mahmood loot kar laut jaate
  2. Ghori sirf vyaapaar karte
  3. Mahmood ne Dilli banaayi
  4. koi antar nahi
Answer

Ghori sthaayi vijay chaahte; Mahmood loot kar laut jaate. Ghori ke senaapatiyon ne Dilli Saltanat banaayi.

Socho

Naalanda ke naash ne Bharat mein shiksha ko kaise prabhaavit kiya hoga?

Ek answer

Laakhon paandulipiyaan aur peedhiyon ka gyaan kho gaya, shikshak maare gaye ya Tibbat bhaage, aur Asia bhar se chhaatra laane wala mahaan kendra khatam hua.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.