English

Shaasan, Vyaapaar aur Saanskritik Jeevan

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 16: Badalti Lehrein: 11vi aur 12vi Sadi · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 16.6

Seekho

Lagaataar yuddh se raajaaon ko sainikon, ghodon aur haathiyon ki badi sena chahiye thi, nazraane aur kar se. Ghori ki vyavastha zyaada kendreekrit, adhikaariyon ko raajasv aur sainik seva ke badle asthaayi zameen adhikaar. Uthal-puthal ke baavajood China aur Dakshin-poorv Asia se vyaapaar badha, pashchimi tat ke bandargaah aur jahaaz kaarkhaane, par kheti mukhya aadhaar: chaawal, kesar, masaale, adrak, gehoon aur kapaas. Chaalukya raaja Someshwar III ne Maanasollaas likha, jyotish se khaana pakaane tak ka vishwakosh, aur Chandelon ne Khajuraho ke mandir banaaye.

Naye chintak aaye. Raamaanujaachaarya ne vishishtaadvait sikhaaya, jagat aur aatma ko satya maante aur bhakti par zor. Kalyaani ke mantri Basaveshwar (Basavanna) ne Lingaayat aandolan sthaapit kiya, jaati aur karmkaand nakaarte, bhakti aur imaandaar kaam sikhaate, aur Kannada vachan likhe; unka Anubhav Mandap har prishthbhoomi ke purush-mahilaaon ko jeevan par charcha ke liye milne deta. Bharatiya sanskriti door bhi gayi: Cambodia ka Angkor Wat, 12vi sadi mein bana, duniya ka sabse bada dharmik smaarak, pehle Vishnu ko samarpit. To ye kaal badlaav (Turki vijay aur vinaash) aur nirantarta (vyaapaar, kala, shiksha aur jujhaaroopan) dono dikhaata.

Explore: badlaav ya nirantarta?

  1. Har vikaas sort karo.

Yaad rakho

  • Senaaon ko majboot prashaasan chahiye tha; vyaapaar badha aur kheti arthvyavastha ka aadhaar rahi.
  • Raamaanuj aur Basav ne dhaarmik chintan badla; Bharatiya sanskriti ne Angkor Wat jaise smaarak gadhe.

Quick check

Basaveshwar ka Anubhav Mandap tha …

  1. jahaan har prishthbhoomi ke log jeevan aur moolyon par charcha karte
  2. ek kila
  3. ghodon ka bazaar
  4. shaahi khazaana
Answer

jahaan har prishthbhoomi ke log jeevan aur moolyon par charcha karte. Har jaati aur bhaasha ke purush-mahilaayein bhaag le sakte.

Socho

Agar aaj Anubhav Mandap hota, to log wahaan kis par charcha karein?

Ek answer

Nyaay aur samaanta, paryaavaran ki dekhbhaal, kaam aur saarvajanik jeevan mein imaandaari, aur alag prishthbhoomi ke log achchhe se saath kaise rahein, jaise vishay.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.