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Ghaznavi Aakraman

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 16: Badalti Lehrein: 11vi aur 12vi Sadi · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 16.1

Seekho

Arabon ka sthaayi asar kam raha, par 11–12vi sadi mein Madhya Asia ki Turki shaktiyaan kadi pratirodh ke baavajood uttar Bharat mein bahut gehre ghusin. Itihaas shaanti se zyaada yuddh darj karta, isliye aise andhere daur ko imaandaari se samajhna zaroori, yaad rakhte hue ki aaj koi unke liye zimmedaar nahi. Hindu Shaahi Afghanistan se Punjab tak raaj karte aur Khyber darre ki raksha karte, Hindu Kush ka dwaar jise 2,500 saal vyaapaari, bhikshu aur aakraamak use karte. Ghazni ke Mahmood, jinhone sultan ki upaadhi li, ne Raaja Jayapaal aur 1008 mein unke bete Aanandpaal ko haraaya, Sindhu maidaan ka raasta khola.

Mahmood ne Bharat mein 17 abhiyaan kiye, har baar bhaari loot ke saath Ghazni laute. Unke tez ghudsavaar teerandaazon ne Chandelon samet kada pratirodh toda. Mathura (1018) mein unhone ek bhavya mandir loota aur toda; Kannauj mein kai mandir loote; aur 1026 mein Gujarat tat par Somnath mandir nasht kiya. Unke abhiyaanon mein kai naagrik maare gaye aur bachchon samet bandi gulaam bechne le jaaye gaye. Itihaaskaar bahas karte loot ya dharm prasaar zyaada maayne rakhta; srot dono dikhaate. Lagbhag 1030 mein unke bhatije ko Bahraich mein sthaaniya shaasak Suheldev ne haraakar maara. Somnath kai baar dobaara bana; aaj ka mandir, jan-daan se bana, 1951 mein khula.

Explore: ghatnaayein samay rekha par.

  1. Mahmood ne 1008 mein Aanandpaal ko haraaya. Marker wahaan.
  2. Mahmood ne 1026 mein Somnath mandir toda. Marker wahaan.

Yaad rakho

  • Ghazni ke Mahmood ne Hindu Shaahiyon ko haraaya aur Bharat mein 17 loot abhiyaan kiye.
  • Unhone Mathura, Kannauj aur Somnath ke mandir tode par Punjab se aage raaj nahi kiya.

Quick check

Khyber darra itna zaroori kyun?

  1. Hindu Kush se Sindhu maidaan ka mukhya raasta
  2. samudri bandargaah
  3. dakshin Bharat mein
  4. nadi thi
Answer

Hindu Kush se Sindhu maidaan ka mukhya raasta. Aakraamakon ke saath vyaapaari aur bhikshu bhi use karte.

Socho

Naya Somnath mandir sirf jan-daan se kyun banaaya gaya hoga?

Ek answer

Taaki wo sarkaar ka nahi, logon ka ho, saajhi viraasat aur jujhaaroopan dikhaaye, aur is vichaar ka sammaan kare ki dharmnirpeksh raajya mandir ka kharch na uthaaye.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.