Gaon se Shehar Tak

Class 6 Social Science · Chapter 6: Bhaarateeya Sabhyata ki Shuruaat · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 6.2

Seekho

Upmahaadweep ke uttar-paschim mein kheti waale gaon dheere-dheere kasbe, aur kasbe shehar bane. Ye Sindhu (Indus) aur uski sahaayak nadiyon ke kinaare, aur us nadi ke kinaare hua jise Rigved Sarasvati kehta hai.

Is sabhyata ko Harappa, Sindhu ya Sindhu-Sarasvati Sabhyata kehte hain. Iska naam Harappa par hai, jo iska pehla khoja gaya shehar tha, lagbhag sau saal pehle. Iske shehar lagbhag 2600 se 1900 BCE tak charam par the.

Mukhya shehar hain Harappa aur Mohenjo-daro (aaj ke Pakistan mein) aur Dholavira, Lothal, Kalibangan aur Rakhigarhi (Bhaarat mein). Saikdon chhote kasbe aur gaon ek vishaal ilaake mein faile the, us samay ki kisi bhi aur sabhyata se bade.

Sarasvati nadi: kai vidwaan Rigved ki Sarasvati ko aaj ki mausami Ghaggar-Hakra nadi maante hain, jo (zyaadatar baarish mein) Haryana, Rajasthan se hokar Pakistan tak behti hai. Harappa ki kai jagahein iske ab sookhe paat ke kinaare hain.

Explore: ghatnaayein rakho.

1. Lagbhag 3000 BCE mein gaon kasbe bane. Marker wahan rakho.
2. Bade shehar lagbhag 2500 BCE mein phale-phoole.
3. Lagbhag 2000 BCE ke baad shehar dheere-dheere ghate.

Yaad rakho

• Harappa (Sindhu-Sarasvati) Sabhyata lagbhag 2600–1900 BCE mein phali-phooli.
• Iske shehron mein Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, Lothal, Kalibangan aur Rakhigarhi hain.

Quick check

Ise Harappa Sabhyata kyun kehte hain?

1. Harappa iska pehla khoja gaya shehar tha
2. Harappa naam ke raaja ka raaj tha
3. Ye sabse naya shehar tha
4. Ye Kerala mein hai

Socho

Harappa 4,500 saal purana hai par sirf sau saal pehle mila. Praacheen shehar itne samay chhupe kyun reh sakte hain?

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.