Chapter 6: Bhaarateeya Sabhyata ki Shuruaat
Lagbhag 4,500 saal pehle uttar-paschimi Bhaarat ki nadiyon ke kinaare duniya ke pehle shehron mein se kuch bane. Is chapter mein hum jaanenge sabhyata kya hai aur Harappa waalon ko khojenge: unke yojanaabaddh shehar, chatur jal vyavastha, khaana, vyapaar, roz ka jeevan, aur unka kya hua.
Is chapter mein tum
- sabhyata kya hai samjhaana
- Harappa Sabhyata ko samay rekha par rakhna
- Harappa ki nagar yojana, jal prabandhan, khaana aur vyapaar batana
- shehar kyun ghate samjhaana
Topics
- Sabhyata Kya Hai? NCERT 6.1
Sabhyata mein shaasan, kasbe aur shehar, shilp, vyapaar, lekhan aur saajhi paramparaayein hoti hain.
- Gaon se Shehar Tak NCERT 6.2
Harappa (Sindhu-Sarasvati) Sabhyata lagbhag 2600–1900 BCE mein phali-phooli.
- Nagar Yojana NCERT 6.3
Harappa ke shehron mein jaal sadkein, ooncha hissa aur neecha shehar, aur dhaki naaliyaan thi.
- Jal Prabandhan NCERT 6.4
Mohenjo-daro mein saikdon kuein aur Vishaal Snaanaagaar tha.
- Harappa ke Log Kya Khaate The? NCERT 6.5
Harappa waale jau, gehun, mota anaaj, kabhi chaawal, daal, sabziyaan aur kapaas ugaate, aur hal use karte the.
- Tez Vyapaar NCERT 6.6
Harappa waale moti, shankh ki choodiyaan, lakdi aur kapaas bechte, aur shaayad taamba mangaate the.
- Praacheen Logon ka Jeevan NCERT 6.7
Roz ki cheezein (bartan, auzaar, kanghi, khilaune, choodiyaan) dikhaati hain Harappa waale kaise jeete the.
- Ant ya Nayi Shuruaat? NCERT 6.8
Lagbhag 1900 BCE ke baad sookhe mausam aur Sarasvati ke sookhne se shehar chhode gaye.
Key words
- Civilisation
- shehron, shilp aur shaasan wala bada sangathit samaaj
- Metallurgy
- prakriti se dhaatu nikaalna aur aakaar dena
- Seal
- chhaap lagaane ke liye khuda chhota patthar
- Reservoir
- paani jama karne ka bada kund ya jheel
- Pulses
- beans, matar aur masoor jaisi fasalein
- Fortification
- suraksha ke liye jagah ke chaaron or deewaarein
Summary
- Sabhyata mein shehar, shaasan, shilp, vyapaar aur lekhan hote hain.
- Harappa Sabhyata lagbhag 2600–1900 BCE mein Sindhu aur Sarasvati ke kinaare phali.
- Iske shehron mein jaal sadkein, maanak eentein, naaliyaan, kuein aur jalaashay the.
- Harappa waale kheti karte, Mesopotamia tak vyapaar karte aur badhiya shilp banaate; sookhe mausam se shehar ghate.