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Anya Vikaas

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 15: Saamraajya aur Raajya: 6vi se 10vi Sadi · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 15.5

Seekho

Raaja mukhya zameen seedhe aur doosre kshetra saamanton se chalaate, jo sena le jaate par jinki vafaadaari naazuk. Zameen praant, zile aur zyaadatar swashaasit gaon mein bati; Uttaramerur ke Chol abhilekh gaon sabha ke chunaav batate. Zameen ka daan badhe, nayi zameen kheti mein aayi; Pallavon ne kai taalaab banaaye jo aaj bhi kaam aate. Vyaapaar phala, bandargaah pashchim tat ko Iran, Iraq aur Poorvi Africa se aur poorvi tat ko Dakshin-poorv Asia aur China se jodte. Vyaapaari shreniyaan shaktishaali. Jaatiyaan badhne se samaaj jatil hua, haalaanki kuch samoohon se bhedbhaav hua; Baan mahilaaon ko kheti, shilp aur darbaar mein kaam karte dikhaate, aur Odisha ki Tribhuvan Mahaadevi jaisi raaniyon ne raaj kiya.

Hindu, Bauddh aur Jain paramparaayein dharm aur karm jaise vichaar baant-ti aur zyaadatar saath-saath rehti. Jain dharm pashchim Bharat aur Karnataka mein phala, jahaan Shravanabelagola mein vishaal Baahubali khade. 6vi sadi se Bhakti aandolan Dakshin se 12 Aalvaaron (Vishnu bhakt, Aandaal samet) aur 63 Naayanaaron (Shiv bhakt) ki Tamil kavitaaon se faila, janm ya ling se pare sabke liye khula. Vigyaan bhi chamka: Brahmagupt (janm 598) ne shoonya aur rinaatmak sankhyaaon ke niyam diye; Bhaaskar I ne trikonmiti badhaayi; Virahaank ne wo sankhya kram bataaya jo baad mein Fibonacci ke naam se jaana gaya; aur Mahaaveer ne jyotish se alag ganit ki kitaab likhi.

Explore: jeevan ka kaunsa kshetra?

  1. Har cheez sort karo.

Yaad rakho

  • Raaja saamanton se raaj karte; bhoomi daan, sinchaai, vyaapaar aur shreniyaan badhe.
  • Bhakti aandolan Aalvaaron aur Naayanaaron se shuru; Brahmagupt aadi ne ganit aage badhaaya.

Quick check

Brahmagupt kiske ganit niyamon ke liye yaad?

  1. zero and negative numbers
  2. only fractions of ten
  3. Roman numerals
  4. measuring rainfall
Answer

zero and negative numbers. Unka kaam baad mein Faarsi aur Latin mein anuvaadit hua.

Socho

Bhakti aandolan aam logon mein itna lokpriya kyun hua?

Ek answer

Ye logon ki apni bhaasha ke geeton se ishwar se seedha, nijee rishta deta, jaati ya ling se pare sabke liye, bina mehnge karmkaand.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.