Sarkaar ke Anya Roop
Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 9: Shaasak se Shaasit Tak: Sarkaar ke Prakaar · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 9.4
Seekho
Raajtantra mein raaja ya raani ko shakti viraasat mein milti, aam taur par bade bete ko jaati. Bharat mein raaja sabhaaon, mantriyon aur vidvaanon se maargdarshan lete, aur raajdharma maanna apekshit tha: sabke kalyaan ke liye dharma se raaj, ek aadarsh jo hamesha poora nahi hua. Mahaabhaarat mein Bheeshm ne Yudhishthir ko sikhaaya shaasak ka adhikaar asthaayi aur dharma se bandha. Kalhan ki Raajtarangini mein Raaja Chandraapeed ne mandir banaane se pehle mochi se sammaan se uski jhopdi maangi aur uchit muaavza diya.
Aaj Saudi Arab jaise poorn raajtantra mein raaja kaanoon banaata, laagu karta aur faisla karta, aur parishad sirf salaah deti. UK jaise samvaidhaanik raajtantra mein raaja-raani ki shakti naammaatra, aur chuni sansad aur pradhaanmantri shaasan karte, to asal mein sansadeey loktantra. Dharmatantra dharmik niyamon aur netaaon se chalta: Iran mein maulviyon dwaara jeevan bhar ke liye chuna Sarvochch Neta antim adhikaar rakhta, chune raashtrapati aur sansad ke saath; Vatican City ek aur udaharan.
Taanaashaahi mein ek vyakti ya chhota samooh poorn shakti rakhta, samvidhaan ya kaanoon ki koi seema nahi. Germany mein Adolf Hitler ne virodh khatam kiya, doosra vishva yuddh aur kam se kam saath laakh Yahoodiyon (Holocaust) aur kai Roma, jinka mool Bharat mein, ki hatya karwaayi. Uganda mein Idi Amin ne hazaaron ko maara aur kai Bharatiya mool ke parivaaron ko bhaagne par majboor kiya. Aaj kuch deshon mein naagrikon par kadi nazar, baal kaatne ka tareeka tak tay. Alptantra (Yoonaani mein "kuch ka shaasan") chhote ameer samooh ka shaasan; kuch logon ko bahut prabhaav mile to loktantra bhi udhar khisak sakta.
Explore: sarkaar ka roop pehchaano.
- Har prakriya sort karo.
Yaad rakho
- Raajtantra poorn ya samvaidhaanik; Bharatiya raajaaon se raajdharma apekshit.
- Dharmatantra dharmik netaaon se; taanaashaahi aur alptantra shakti ek ya kuch mein kendrit karte.
Quick check
Britain mein raaja par asal mein sansadeey loktantra. Ye …
- constitutional monarchy
- absolute monarchy
- theocracy
- dictatorship
Answer
constitutional monarchy. Chuni sansad kaanoon banaati.
Socho
Agar shaasak maane uske paas nirvivaad divya shakti hai to kya ho sakta?
Ek answer
Wo salaah aur janta ki zaroorat nazarandaaz kar sakta, asahmat logon ko saza de sakta, aur sirf apne liye raaj kar sakta, kyunki koi prashn nahi utha sakta.
Practice
Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.