Praarambhik Loktaantrik Paramparaayein
Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 4: Naye Aarambh: Shehar aur Raajya · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 4.2
Seekho
Har janapad mein ek sabha, sabha ya samiti (Vedon mein pehli baar milne wale shabd), jahaan kul ke maamle, shaayad buzurgon dwaara, charcha hote. Raaja manmaani nahi kar sakta tha: achchha shaasak sabha, mantriyon aur adhikaariyon ki salaah leta, aur kuch granth kehte ayogya shaasak hataaya bhi ja sakta tha. Hamaare saboot adhoore, to ise pakka kaanoon nahi keh sakte.
Kai mahaajanapad, jaise Magadh, Kosal aur Avanti, raajtantra bane: raaja antim adhikaari, aam taur par uska beta uttaraadhikaari, aur wo kar leta, vyavastha rakhta, kilebandi banwaata aur sena rakhta. Par Vajji (Vrijji) aur Malla alag the. Wahaan sabha charcha aur zaroorat par vote se faisle leti, aur raaja bhi chunti. Ye raajya, gana ya sangha kehlaate, aksar praarambhik ganraajya kahe jaate, duniya ke sabse pehle mein se.
Explore: raajtantra ya gana?
- Har card sort karo.
Yaad rakho
- Janapad sabhaayein (sabha, samiti) raaja ko salaah deti.
- Zyaadatar mahaajanapad raajtantra; Vajji aur Malla gana, praarambhik ganraajya jahaan sabha shaasak chunti.
Quick check
Vajji aur Malla ko praarambhik ganraajya kyun kehte?
- unki sabha faisle leti aur shaasak chunti
- koi shaasak nahi
- sabse bade
- raaja videshi chunte
Answer
unki sabha faisle leti aur shaasak chunti. Charcha aur vote se faisla loktaantrik vichaar.
Socho
Gana ki sabha aaj ki Bharatiya Sansad se kaise milti aur alag?
Ek answer
Dono charcha aur vote se faisle lete; par aaj har vayask naagrik pratinidhi chunta, jabki gana sabha chhota samooh, shaayad kul ke buzurg.
Practice
Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.