Aur Naye Prayog: Vichaar, Loha aur Sikke
Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 4: Naye Aarambh: Shehar aur Raajya · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 4.3
Seekho
Ye gehre badlaav ka yug tha. Naye vichaar-sampradaay (uttar Vaidik, Bauddh aur Jain) apni shiksha Bharat bhar ghoomte vidvaanon, bhikshu-bhikshuniyon aur teerth-yaatriyon se failaate. Kala ka naveenikaran shuru hua jo saamraajyon ke yug mein khila.
Shehron ko taknik chahiye. Harappa waale taamba aur kaansa use karte; Doosra Shahareekaran lohe par chala. Bharatiyon ne 2nd sahasraabdi BCE ki shuruaat mein loha-kaarya nikhaara, aur uske ant tak lohe ke auzaar aam, jisse badi kheti sambhav hui. Lohe se halke, tez hathiyaar bhi bane, aur padosi mahaajanapadon mein yuddhon ke saath gathbandhan ke kuch saboot, jinse baad mein raajya aur saamraajya bane.
Badhte vyaapaar se Bharat ke pehle sikke: naram chaandi ke aahat sikke jin par chinh thoke jaate. Baad mein taamba, sona aur doosri dhaatuein. Har mahaajanapad aam taur par apne sikke chalaata, par padosiyon ke sikke bhi chalte, aur jaldi Bharatiya sikke doosre deshon tak gaye.
Explore: kaunsa shahareekaran?
- Har card sort karo.
Yaad rakho
- Naye vichaar-sampradaay ghoomte bhikshuon aur teerth-yaatriyon ke saath faile.
- Lohe ke auzaar-hathiyaar aur aahat chaandi ke sikke Doosre Shahareekaran ki shakti.
Quick check
Bharat ke pehle sikke kis dhaatu ke?
- silver, punch-marked
- paper
- iron
- plastic
Answer
silver, punch-marked. Naram chaandi par chinh thoke gaye.
Socho
Sikkon ke bina vyaapaar kaise mushkil hota?
Ek answer
Logon ko seedhe saamaan badalna padta, aisa koi dhoondhna jise theek wahi chahiye; sikke moolya ka saajha maap dete jo le jaana aasaan.
Practice
Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.