Varn–Jaati Vyavastha

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 4: Naye Aarambh: Shehar aur Raajya · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 4.4

Seekho

Jab samaaj jatil hote, log vishesh bhoomikaayein lete: shaasan, shiksha, vyaapaar, kheti, nirmaan, shilp aur kala. Aadarsh roop mein ye samooh ek-doosre ka saath dete, par aise vibhaajan aksar asamaanta laate, jab kuch ko zyaada dhan ya shakti milti. Samaanta kai samaajon ka lakshya rahi, par shaayad hi kisi ne poori paayi.

Bharatiya samaaj do-tarfa vyavastha mein bana tha. Jaati kisi peshe, jaise kheti, dhaatu-kaarya, vyaapaar ya shilp, se judi samudaay jiske hunar peedhi-dar-peedhi chalte, aksar apne reeti-rivaaz ke saath. Varn, Vaidik granthon ka vichaar, ke chaar varg: Braahman (gyaan aur anushthaan), Kshatriya (raksha), Vaishya (vyaapaar, dhandha, kheti) aur Shoodra (kaarigar, shilpi, mazdoor). Angrezi shabd "caste" Portuguese shabd casta se aaya.

Granth aur abhilekh dikhaate praarambhik samay mein log kabhi peshe badalte: sookha kisaanon ko shehri kaam mein dhakel deta, ya kuch Braahman vyaapaar ya sainik kaam karte. Vyavastha ne samaaj ko dhaancha aur kuch sthirta di, par samay ke saath kathor hui, jisse nichli jaatiyon aur bahar chhode samudaayon ke saath asamaanta aur bhedbhaav, khaas kar British raaj mein aur sakht. Ye Bharatiya samaaj ki ek mahatvapoorn vyavastha thi, par akeli nahi.

Explore: chaar varn.

1. Granthon ke anusaar har bhoomika sort karo.

Yaad rakho

• Jaatiyaan peshewar samudaay; varn ke Vaidik granthon se chaar varg.
• Vyavastha shuru mein lachkeeli par kathor hui, asamaanta aur bhedbhaav.

Quick check

Varn–jaati vyavastha samay ke saath kaise badli?

1. zyaada kathor hui, asamaanta aur bhedbhaav
2. har sadi zyaada lachkeeli
3. 300 BCE mein gaayab
4. kabhi nahi badli

Socho

Samaaj mein samaanta ke liye kaam karna kyun zaroori?

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.