Mukhya Visheshtaayein: Adhikaar, Kartavya aur Nirdeshak Tatva
Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 10: Bharat ka Samvidhaan — Ek Parichay · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 10.4
Seekho
Samvidhaan vidhaayika, kaaryapaalika aur nyaayapaalika ki bhoomika aur javaabdehi tay karta, unki shaktiyaan alag rakhta, kendra, raajya aur sthaaniya teen-star vyavastha banaata, aur chunaav pranaali banaata taaki har yogya naagrik vote de. Iske mool mein teen tarah ke praavdhaan. Maulik Adhikaar mein Samaanta ka Adhikaar (Anuchchhed 14), Aazaadi aur jeevan-swatantrata ki raksha (Anuchchhed 21), Shoshan ke viruddh Adhikaar, aur Shiksha ka Adhikaar (21-A).
1976 mein jode Maulik Kartavya naagrikon se kehte: Samvidhaan, Raashtriya Dhvaj aur Gaan ka sammaan; desh ki raksha; saajhi sanskriti ko mahatv; paryaavaran bachaana aur jeevon par dayaa; utkarsh ka prayaas; aur maata-pita ke roop mein 6–14 saal ke bachchon ko padhne ka avsar. Neeti Nirdeshak Tatva sarkaar ko nyaay, kalyaan, poshan aur jan swaasthya, paryaavaran aur smaarakon ki raksha ki or le jaate.
Antar zaroori: Maulik Adhikaar adaalat mein laagu ho sakte; tumhaari pehchaan ke kaaran anyaay ho to nyaayaadheesh madad karte. Nirdeshak Tatva lakshya; poore na hon to mukadma nahi, par disha tay karte. Samvidhaan jeevit dastaavez: sanshodhanon par Sansad mein bahas (kuch raajya sabhaaon mein bhi). 73ve sanshodhan (1992) ne Panchayati Raj joda, aur 2004 mein Supreme Court ne kaha ghar par raashtriya dhvaj fahraana abhivyakti ki aazaadi ka hissa.
Explore: adhikaar, kartavya ya nirdeshak tatva?
- Har praavdhaan sort karo.
Yaad rakho
- Samvidhaan sarkaar ke ang, teen star aur chunaav tay karta.
- Maulik Adhikaar laagu yogya; Maulik Kartavya (1976) aur Nirdeshak Tatva naagrik aur raajya ka maargdarshan; sanshodhan ise jeevit rakhte.
Quick check
Kiske ullanghan par adaalat ja sakte?
- a Fundamental Right
- a Directive Principle
- a festival
- a school timetable
Answer
a Fundamental Right. Nirdeshak Tatva neeti ka maargdarshan, adaalat mein laagu nahi.
Socho
Tumhe kyun lagta hai nirmaataaon ne kuch adhikaar abhi laagu yogya aur kuch lakshya rakhe?
Ek answer
Samaanta aur aazaadi jaisi mool rakshaayein turant mil sakti, par sabke liye achchha jeevan-star jaise lakshyon ko desh ke badhne ke saath paisa aur samay chahiye.
Practice
Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.