English

Loktantra aur Ganraajya

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 18: Raajya, Sarkaar aur Aap · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 18.3

Seekho

Loktantra matlab "janta ka shaasan" (Yoonaani demos = log, kratos = shaasan): log swatantra aur nishpaksh chunaav se sarkaar chunte. Ganraajya mein raashtra pramukh chuna jaata (seedhe ya apratyaksh), viraasat paane wala raaja-raani nahi, aur sanvidhaan shaasakon ki shakti seemit karta. Bharat aur UK dono pratinidhi chunte, par Britain ka raashtra pramukh raaja/raani, jabki Bharat ke raashtrapati chune pratinidhiyon dwaara chune jaate. To Bharat, America aur France loktantrik ganraajya; UK, Canada aur Sweden loktantra par ganraajya nahi. George Washington ne America ka raaja banne ka prastaav thukraaya, sanvidhaan ke tahat janta ki sarkaar chuni.

Ganraajya sirf bahumat nahi, sabke adhikaar bhi bachaata. Kabir ki apartment sabha ne bahumat se raat 9 baje ke baad delivery band ki, un niwaasiyon ko andekha karke jo bole beemaar aur buzurg pareshaan honge. Jab ek buzurg padosi ko der raat dawa chahiye thi, niyam badalkar khaana aur dawa ki chhoot di gayi. Waise hi Bharat ka sanvidhaan bahumat ko kisi ke maulik adhikaar kuchalne se rokta, bahumat ke prabhutva se bachaata: jaise Odisha mein Dongria Kondh samudaay ki pavitra pahaadiyaan khanan se bachaayi gayin. Kaanoon ka shaasan bahumat ki ichchha se zyaada majboot.

Explore: ganraajya ya nahi?

  1. Har desh sort karo.

Yaad rakho

  • Loktantra janta ka shaasan; ganraajya mein raashtra pramukh chuna jaata aur sanvidhaan shakti seemit karta.
  • Bharat ka sanvidhaan sabke adhikaar bahumat ke prabhutva se bachaata.

Quick check

"Har loktantra ganraajya hai." Sahi ya galat?

  1. galat: UK jaise kuch loktantron mein raashtra pramukh raaja/raani
  2. sahi: dono ek
  3. sahi: har loktantra mein raashtrapati
  4. galat: ganraajya kabhi chunaav nahi karte
Answer

galat: UK jaise kuch loktantron mein raashtra pramukh raaja/raani. Desh dono ho sakta, jaise Bharat, par har loktantra ganraajya nahi.

Socho

Bahumat ko koi bhi niyam banaane ki chhoot kyun nahi honi chahiye?

Ek answer

Kyunki ye haarne waale chhote samoohon ko nuksaan kar sakta; sabke moolbhoot adhikaar bachaane se faisle nishpaksh rehte, chaahe zyaadatar log sahmat hon.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.