Paramparaagat Gyaan aur Aadhunik Navaachaar

Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 13: Bharatiya Kheti ki Kahaani · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 13.5

Seekho

Kisaanon ne vishaal vyaavahaarik gyaan banaaya: pahaadi dhalaan par seedhinuma kheti, Goa ke kulaagar jaise mishrit ghar-baag, aur pashuon ko khet ka hissa maanna. ICAR ne lagbhag 5,000 paramparaagat paddhatiyaan darj ki aur zyaadatar ko vaigyaanik roop se sahi paaya. 1960–70 mein Bharat ko anaaj ki kami thi. M. S. Swaminathan jaise vaigyaanikon ki agvaai mein Harit Kraanti adhik upaj wale beej, zyaada sinchaai, rasaayanik khaad aur keetnaashak, aur machine laayi. Bharat gehoon-chaawal mein aatmanirbhar bana.

Par dashakon mein bhaari rasaayan upyog se mitti kamzor hui, bhoojal gira aur pradooshan ne madhumakkhiyon, nadiyon aur sehat ko nuksaan kiya. Isliye kai kisaan ab tikaau kheti apnaate: jaivik tareeke, compost aur neem-aadhaarit keet niyantran. Sikkim 2014 mein duniya ka pehla poora jaivik raajya bana. FAO Bharat ki dharohar kheti jaise Kashmir ki kesar, Odisha mein Koraput ki van-kheti aur Kerala mein Kuttanad ki samudra-tal se neeche ki kheti ko maanyata deta. Hydroponics jaise naye vichaar bina mitti poshak paani mein paudhe ugaate.

Explore: Harit Kraanti ka laabh ya samasya?

1. Har prabhaav sort karo.

Yaad rakho

• Seedhinuma kheti aur mishrit baag jaisi paramparaagat paddhatiyaan aksar vaigyaanik roop se sahi.
• Harit Kraanti ne aatmanirbharta di par mitti-paani ko nuksaan; tikaau aur jaivik kheti badh rahi.

Quick check

2014 mein kaunsa raajya poora jaivik bana?

1. Sikkim
2. Punjab
3. Haryana
4. Bihar

Socho

Kya ek khet paramparaagat gyaan aur aadhunik vigyaan dono use kar sakta? Udaharan do.

Practice

Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.