Paani aur Beej
Class 7 Social Science · Chapter 13: Bharatiya Kheti ki Kahaani · NCERT Exploring Society: India and Beyond section 13.4
Seekho
Bharat ki bahut kheti varsha-aadhaarit, monsoon par nirbhar; baaki sinchit. Bharatiyon ne lambe samay se chatur jal pranaaliyaan banaayi: Himalaya mein kuhl naaliyaan, Rajasthan mein kund tanki, Bihar mein ahar–pyne, Thar mein khadin khet, Tamil Nadu mein eri taalaab, Maharashtra mein saamudaayik phad naharein aur Poorvottar mein baans drip sinchaai. Kaveri par lagbhag 2,000 saal pehle bana Kallanai baandh aaj bhi kaam karta. Girte bhoojal mein aadhunik drip aur phuhaara sinchaai paani bachaati.
Achchhe beej matlab achchhi fasal. Parivaar paramparaagat roop se apne sabse achchhe paudhon ke beej bachaate aur baant-te. Arthashaastra buvaai se pehle beej upchaar batata; aaj gobar, gomutra, choona aur mitti se bana beejamrit usi tarah use hota. Bharat mein ek shuruaati beej drill bhi thi jo seedhi kataar mein beej daalti. Ab kai kisaan companiyon se hybrid beej khareedte; ye zyaada upaj dete par fasal ke beej aksar dobaara nahi lagte, to har mausam phir khareedne padte.
Explore: paramparaagat ya aadhunik?
- Har tareeka sort karo.
Yaad rakho
- Bharat mein kuhl, kund, ahar, khadin, eri, phad aur Kallanai jaisi puraani jal pranaali; aaj drip aur phuhaara paani bachaate.
- Kisaan pehle khud beej bachaate; ab kai har mausam khareedte.
Quick check
Mukhyatah monsoon par nirbhar kheti …
- rain-fed
- hydroponic
- irrigated by canals
- greenhouse
Answer
rain-fed. Baarish na ho ya der se aaye to sinchaai madad karti.
Socho
Gaon apna beej bank kyun rakhna chaahega?
Ek answer
Bachaaye sthaaniya beej muft, sthaaniya mitti-mausam ke anukool, aur kai fasal kismein zinda rakhte, to kisaan har mausam khareedne par nirbhar nahi.
Practice
Teen levels (easy, medium, hard) ke naye sawaalon se practice karo, kuch hands-on, hints aur hal ke saath. Topic poora karne ke liye pichhle 5 mein se 4 sahi karo.